CTE cannot be diagnosed until the patient has died and their brain examined. But doctors said there are symptoms such as changes in cognition, mood and behavior. The American Brain Foundation said they can include difficulty thinking, short- and/or long-term memory loss, depression, anxiety, paranoia, headaches and suicidal thoughts or behavior.

CTE is defined as a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes brain damage similar to what’s seen in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, per the National Institutes of Health (NIH). There is a known link between repeated head trauma, contact sports, and the development of CTE.

“CTE is linked to repetitive brain trauma and has a distinct pathology that can only be diagnosed at autopsy,” says Dr. Ross Zafonte, a principal investigator of the Football Players Health Study at Harvard University and executive vice dean at the University of Missouri.